vocabulary
if you are in the class of chemistry, you will get vocabulary that you use every leasson in chemistry class or you do practicum in the lab. in here I have 40 vocabulary, read carefully and make sure that you are have remainded this 40 vocabulary.
• free radical : An atom or molecule
with an unpaired electron. They're way reactive.
• functional group: A generic term
for a group of atoms that cause a molecule to react in a specific way. It's really
common to talk about this in organic chemistry, where you have "aldehydes,
carboxylic acids, amines" and so on.
• gamma ray : High energy light
given off during a nuclear process. When a nucleus gives off this light, it
goes to a lower energy state, making it more stable.
• geometrical isomer : isomerism
where atoms or groups of atoms can take up different positions around a double
bond or a ring. This is also called cis- trans- isomerism.
•ground state : The lowest energy
state possible for an electron.
• group: A column (the things up and
down) in the periodic table. Elements in the same group tend to have the same
properties. These are also called "families".
excess reagent : Sometimes when you do a chemical reaction, there's some of one reagent left over. That's called the excess reagent.
excess reagent : Sometimes when you do a chemical reaction, there's some of one reagent left over. That's called the excess reagent.
• excited state: A higher energy
level that electrons can jump to when energy
is added.
•exothermic : When a process gives
off energy (gets hot).
•family : The same thing as a
"group" (see above)
• first law of thermodynamics : The
energy of the universe is constant. It's
the same thing as the Law of
conservation of energy.
• fission : A nuclear reaction where
a big atom
breaks up into little ones. This is
what happens in nuclear power plants.
• free energy : also called
"Gibbs free energy", it's the capacity of a system to do work.
• half-life : The time required for
half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. When talking about chemical
reactions, it's the amount of time required to make half the reagent react.
• half-reaction: The oxidation or
reduction part of a redox reaction.
• halogen : The elements in group
17. They're really reactive.
•heat of reaction: The amount of
heat absorbed or
released in a reaction. Also called
the "enthalpy of reaction"
• heat : The kinetic energy of the
particles in a system. The faster the particles move, the higher the heat.
• Hess's Law : The enthalpy change
for a change
is the same whether it takes place
in one big step or in many small ones.
• heterogeneous mixture: A mixture
where the substances aren't equally
distributed.
• homogeneous mixture: A mixture
that looks really "smooth" because
everything is mixed up really well.
• Hund's rule: The most stable
arrangement of electrons occurs when they're all unpaired.
• hybrid orbital: An orbital caused
by the mixing of s, p, d, and f-orbitals.
• hydration : When a molecule has
water molecules attached to it.
• hydrocarbon : A molecule
containing carbon and hydrogen.
• hydrogen bond : The tendency of
the hydrogen atom stuck to an electronegative atom to become attracted to the
lonepair electrons on another electronegative atom. It's a pretty strong
intermolecular force, which explains why water has such a high melting and
boiling point.
•ideal solution : A solution in
which the vapor pressure is directly proportional
to the mole fraction of solvent
present
• immiscible: When two substances
don't dissolve in each other. Think of oil and water.They're immiscible. Organic
compounds and water are frequently immiscible.
•indicator: A compound that turns different
colors at different pH values. We generally
like to have the color change at a pH of around seven because that's where the
equivalence point of a titration is.
• inhibitor: A substance that slows
down a chemical reaction.
• inorganic compound: Any compound
that doesn't contain carbon (except for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and
carbonates).
•hydrogenation: When hydrogen is
added to a carbon-carbon multiple bond.
•hydronium ion: The H+ ion, made
famous by acids.
•hydroxide ion: The OH- ion, made
famous by bases.
• ideal gas law : PV=nRT
• ideal gas : A gas in which the
particles are infinitely small, have a kinetic energy directly proportional to the
temperature, travel in random straight lines, and don't attract or repel each
other. Needless to say, there's no such thing as an ideal gas in the real
world. However, we use ideal gases anyway because they make the math work out well
for equations that describe how gases behave.
• insoluble: When something doesn't
dissolve.
•intermediate: A molecule which
exists for a short time in a chemical reaction before turning into the product.
• intermolecular force: A force that
exists between two different molecules. Examples are hydrogen bonding (which is
strong), dipole-dipole forces (which are kind of weak), and London dispersion
forces (a.k.a. Van der Waal forces), which are very weak.
• ionic bond: A bond formed when
charge particles stick together.
•ionization energy: The amount of
energy required to pull an electron off of a gaseous atom.
What is an example for heterogeneous mixture?
BalasHapusA bowl of Fruit Loops cereal is a heterogeneous mixture because it has cereal bits of many colors floating around in milk.
HapusA bottle of balsamic vinaigrette salad dressing is a mixture that is heterogeneous, and has to be shaken up to make the mixture appear and taste more combined.
Sand shaken up in a bottle of water is a heterogeneous mixture of sand particles floating around which will eventually settle to the bottom of the bottle, making it look a lot less like a mixture.
Rocks in the sand at the beach are a heterogeneous mixture – all different shapes, sizes and colors - just thrown together at random.
Smog is a heterogeneous mixture of various particles suspended in the air. The dirty particles that make up the smog can be removed from the air and breathed into the lungs, making smog quite a problematic heterogeneous mixture.
Mixed nuts at a party is a type of heterogeneous mixture that can be separated simply by pouring them onto a table and sorting them into separate piles, each of the same nut.
A puddle of mud counts as a heterogeneous mixture – dirt, leaves, grasses, animal byproducts - all blended together in water.
Pizza is a heterogeneous mixture of dough, sauce, cheese, and other toppings
could you explain the meaning of allotrops and give some example for me? :)
BalasHapusAllotropes are two or more forms of the same element in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) that differ from each other in their physical, and sometimes chemical, properties. The most notable examples of allotropes are found in groups 14, 15, and 16 of the periodic table. Gaseous oxygen, for example, exists in three allotropic forms: monatomic oxygen (O), a diatomic molecule (O2), and in a triatomic molecule known as ozone (O3).
Hapusand what the meaning of emition?
BalasHapusare you sure the spelling is "emition"?
HapusCould you give me more explain with the sentence from your vocabulary?
BalasHapusChemists need to know which reactant will run out first, because that information allows them to deduce how much product and excess reagent they can expect, based on how much of the limiting reagent they’ve put into the reaction.
HapusWhy the ideal gas law is PV=nRT? and than, Could you give me some example about this?
BalasHapusThank you miss Niso ^^
its depend on BOYLE LAW, CHARLES LAW, GAY-LUSSAC LAW
HapusCan you explain about gamma rays with effective and easy to understand example?
BalasHapusGamma-rays have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are generated by radioactive atoms and in nuclear explosions. Gamma-rays can kill living cells, a fact which medicine uses to its advantage, using gamma-rays to kill cancerous cells.
HapusGamma-rays travel to us across vast distances of the universe, only to be absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. Different wavelengths of light penetrate the Earth's atmosphere to different depths. Instruments aboard high-altitude balloons and satellites like the Compton Observatory provide our only view of the gamma-ray sky.
what is Gibbs free energy?
BalasHapusa thermodynamic quantity equal to the enthalpy (of a system or process) minus the product of the entropy and the absolute temperature
Hapusexplain to me about hybrid orbital?
BalasHapusthe atomic orbitals for bonding may not be "pure" atomic orbitals directly from the solution of the Schrodinger Equation. Often, the bonding atomic orbitals have a character of several possible types of orbitals. The methods to get an AO with the proper character for the bonding is called hybridization. The resulting atomic orbitals are called hybridized atomic orbitals or simply hybrid orbitals.
HapusGive examples for hydrogen bonds?
BalasHapusThe most ubiquitous and perhaps simplest example of a hydrogen bond is found between water molecules. In a discrete water molecule, there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Hapus